Challenges: Public Libraries
There are quite a few challenges facing public libraries today. Arguably, the two most prominent issues are funding and staying relevant to a society that has such easy access to information via the internet.
Funding
Receiving adequate funding is of great concern to all types of libraries. Public libraries receive most of their funding from local and state governments (81.5% and 10.0% respectively)(ALA Library Fact Sheet 4 - Library Operating Expenditures: A selected Annotated Bibliography, 2006). When local and state economies are experiencing a recession funding to public libraries is often cut. This occurs despite the fact that people tend to use public library services more during a recession(Library Research Center University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 2002). The state of Michigan reduced funding to public libraries by half, which amounted to $6.1 million according to the ALA(Library Funding, 2007). Poor rural communities are especially hard hit by the cut in state funding as they are more reliant on it. This lack of adequate funding impacts all aspects of a library's operation, including keeping up-to-date collections and technology. Some libraries are taking financial matters into their own hands. For instance, one library in Connecticut has made a $45,000 a year deal with Starbucks which allows the company to have a store within their library (Coffman, 2003). As funding from governments continues to decrease, more public libraries may have to find alternative revenue sources.
Relevance
The other challenge facing public libraries is staying relevant. According to "What are Librarians Most Worried About" in the Abram text, the number one concern of librarians is "sustaining relevance"(Seiss & Lorig, p. 119). This is not surprising given the vast amounts of information available on the internet. Libraries and librarians no longer have a monopoly on information and the means of finding it. Search engines, such as Google, make it easy to obtain large amounts of information quickly and in the comfort of your own home. Stephen Abram points out the problems with search engines, and the advantages of using a library instead. For example, two problems with Google are 1) it has difficulty with "how and why questions(Seiss & Lorig, p. 94) and 2) it "does local (communities, neighborhoods, clubs, etc.) poorly"(Seiss & Lorig, p. 95). Librarians excel in both of these areas. They are well trained to find answers to complex question (and love to do so) and they know their communities well.
Works Cited
ALA Library Fact Sheet 4 - Library Operating Expenditures: A selected Annotated Bibliography. (2006, December). Retrieved January 23, 2008, from ALA American Library Association: http://www.ala.org/ala/alalibrary/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet4.cfm
Coffman, S. (2003, May 1). Financial Management/Changing public library funding. Retrieved January 23, 2008, from American City & County: http://americancityandcounty.com/mag/government_changing_public_library/
Library Funding. (2007, June 26). Retrieved January 23, 2008, from ALA American Library Association: http://www.ala.org/template.cfm?section=libraryfunding&template=/cfapps/pio/state.cfm&state=mi
Library Research Center University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign. (2002, April 18). Public Library Use and Economic Hard Times: Analysis of Recent Data. Retrieved January 23, 2008, from ALA American Library Association: http://www.ala.org/ala/ors/reports/economichardtimestechnicalreport.pdf
Seiss, J., & Lorig, J. (2007). Out Front With Stephen Abram: A Guide for Information Leaders. American Library Association.
18 comments:
"...people tend to use public library services more during a recession." This is interesting. I wonder why this is? Is it due to job searching on library computers? Research on new avenues for employment? Extra down time? Free resources for entertainment, as opposed to purchasing books or renting videos?
I think it may be a combination of all of the above. In a recession you are likely to make less money, so there for may have to downsize your bills...ie internet being one of them. Also if you are one of the less fortunate that have been downsized in a company, now you need work or you may need more hours or better pay. A good place to look is the library resources, where you have free access to newspapers, internet, employment guides, and assistance from librarians.
I know there was already a discussion about the bookstore vs. library theme, but I have to restate that if bookstores are so popular, why not capitialize on that to create generate more interest in the library and add some extra revenue as well? The library could earn a percentage of the profits from an in-house coffee shop based on a rent fee or the like, while drawing the crowd who feels comfortable in a bookstore setting.
As for the increased usage during a recession, I agree with De Aidre that the internet may be one of the "extras" that someone hurting financially may choose to rid themselves of, especially knowing that the local library offers that commodity for free. The library also contains tax forms and other government papers that someone out of work may need.
It is so unfortunate that library funding is cut. They are such an asset to every community.
I love the idea of having a coffee house in the library. It could bring in extra funding, additional patrons, and maybe even reach out to those people who still see libraries as a quiet, stuffy place. I can see how patronage would increase during a recession.
As previous poster have pointed out, libraries offer internet access, newspaper copies and other job-hunting resources. I would also like to add entertainment to the list. During a recession, families aren't able to spend money on entertainment, so they may turn to the library to get a new bestseller or take out a new CD or DVD. As Glen Holt said, "great libraries provide constituents with education and entertainment" ("What Makes A Library Great"). Hopefully budget cuts don't stop librarians from educating and entertaining future generations.
Holt, Glen. "What Makes A Library Great" Public Library Quarterly. vol 24 no 2 (2005) pg 83-89.
I love the idea of coffee houses in libraries, but I wonder if the reason why they're not widespread is more pragmatic than it is because people are opposed to the idea itself.
Much like their patrons, libraries are faced with choices when deciding where to put their resources and maybe gathering places have to be relegated to "nice-to-have" status when economic times are tight.
We have a post coming tomorrow that deals with a similar issue in academic libraries, so stay tuned!
re: public library funding cuts
One of (many) interesting things I found out about in a LIS Access to Information class is the fact that a lot of the reference questions received in public libraries pertain to medical and legal matters. While it is certainly positive that the libraries have this type of information available, some people appear to be using (having to use) the library’s resources re: medical questions so they can try to diagnose their own, or a family member’s medical condition, ahead of, or instead of, seeking medical treatment. This may be because they cannot afford, or do not have access to medical treatment (e.g., don’t have health insurance, etc.). I have not read any research on this so this is strictly anecdotal information. However, some of the discussions we had in that LIS class included ethical scenarios where the librarian is asked by a patron for what is essentially a medical diagnosis or legal advice, so the situation is realistic. The librarian can, of course, provide information only, not give advice.
Budget cuts to public libraries thus (seemingly) create yet another negative impact on individuals and groups who are already disadvantaged. While good library medical and legal resources are certainly no substitute for access to professionals in those fields, they are clearly an important part of what a public library has to offer. The public library is a key institution within society, although it often seems to be ‘taken for granted.’ This I was aware of. What I did not know until recently was that cutting a library’s budget might also be hazardous to one’s health.
Catherine G.
Perhaps part of the reason that libraries are starting to be seen as less relevant, and the reason they are losing funding in many places has to do with our society. We live in a consumerist culture, and therefore view life from a capitalistic perspective. A large part of the appeal of hanging out in bookstores is their flashy environment. Because large chains have plenty of cash to go around, they can afford new buildings every few years and can change their facilities easily to accommodate their customer base. Libraries on the other hand, cannot always afford such luxuries.
The commercial barrage we are hit with every day tells us to want new things, that buying will make us happier. So it isn’t too much of a surprise that someone might prefer to sit in a newer building (as opposed to an outdated library) reading a crisp new book that no one has ever touched before (instead of one that’s been handled by hundreds of patrons).
I think it is a great idea that some libraries are starting to add Starbucks in an effort to stay relevant, comfortable, and well-funded. It doesn’t look like we’re going to move away from a consumerist culture any time soon, so it’s an excellent move for libraries to cater to that mindset. I might also suggest that libraries get involved in advertising, but it is understandable that with a tight budget that would be difficult to do, and the money might be better spent elsewhere.
I agree that funding and relevance are two big challenges facing libraries today. Another challenge that some libraries are facing, that is somewhat related to funding, has to do with space issues. Libraries are repositories of information, and although librarians try to keep their collections current, there are some things that have historical value that just cannot be weeded. Also, with the advent of technology, books have had to move aside to make room for computers and other machinery that did not exist a decade ago. Whole rooms are necessary for computer equipment and technology labs. The easy answer would be to add on, but this is not always so easy, especially in urban settings where a building may be landlocked on all sides.
The library branch that I work at was built in the 1860's with an addition that was added in the 1920's. We are totally landlocked on all sides. However, the building next door to us is vacant. The Port Authority, with city approval, purchased it a couple years ago with the intention that at least a portion of it could be used to expand our building. Then hard times hit. The city budget is in dire straits, especially with ACH (the old Monroe Ford plant) closing its doors soon. To fund a renovation of the vacant building, the city would need to run a millage, and it needs funding for streets and fire department upgrades, too. What do you suppose people will vote for on a millage if they were asked to choose between the three?
Unfortunately, when those hard times hit, people become very tight with their money and refuse to vote in any new taxes. It makes sense in a way. During a recession, people are out of work and do not have the extra couple dollars it would cost on their tax bill to vote in a raise, even though they are using the library more.
Sarah, De Aidre, and Jessica all mentioned the free resources available to patrons who are using the library to find jobs. Many libraries also offer free computer training classes on anything from Microsoft Word to Access and beyond. This type of training can be very beneficial to people that want to beef up their job skills.
As Sarah, Jessica, Deidra, Mary and Kelly all mentioned the constriction of economic support that the public libraries are facing nowadays. I think that the implementation of coffee shops and other possible adequate entertainment tools at the public libraries are all possible solutions to invest money. But here pulling funding decision makers, is the major challenge. No matter what is the kind of entertainment to be added to the public library, this place should remain a quite place away from the stressful life. And this institution’s solely aim should remain offering services of unequaled breadth, depth, and quality for the community.
I think that with this advent technologies age, and for the public library to secure its position in the future; much more effort is in demand of the librarians.
I too think that having a Starbuck or similar company at part of a library is a great idea. It adds to the quiet comfort a Public Library often has. On the other hand, is there a risk of Starbucks influencing the libraries choices at all? I think their funds are greatly needed and because of that there is the potential for them to include in the deal certain conditions (regarding controversial books, number of best sellers, altering of library content in general.)
It amazes me not only the importance of a Public Library to its community, but also the way a community turns to a library for help in times of need and yet they (the community) often don’t realize that the library needs their support as well.
The following excerpts:
“Florida’s public libraries return $6.54 for every $1.00 invested…”
“For every $6,448 spent on public libraries… one job is created.”
“For every dollar of public support spent on public libraries in Florida, income (wages) increases by $12.66.”
“[The public library] –
Improved overall quality of life: 92 percent said yes.”
From Out Front with Stephen Abram (Abram, p14) really emphasizes the impact a Public Library can make on its community and the importance of that community supporting the library.
-Holly C.
I wonder the impact it would have on libraries if they each had a gift store attached (either physically in the building or virtually on their website). The main purpose could be inexpensive advertising, i.e. selling shirts or bags with the library logo on them. It could later be expanded to include posters of the community, “gift made in your honor” greeting cards, even seasonal items promoting the library, maybe even a limited number of books for sale or links to sites that sell books.
Over the holidays I attended my libraries employee holiday party. It included an ornament exchange. The most prized ornament (which I did not get) was one that a colleague had made special with the name of the library and the year. I liked it so much that I wished I could buy one and I am sure many of our patrons would love to have one too.
-Holly C.
Holly,
I think that a gift shop is a really excellent idea. It’s a great way to raise revenue and probably wouldn’t require a large investment into the products. It might even be possible to get local businesses to donate their products (in exchange for recognition, of course). I also liked your story about the homemade ornament. It would be neat if patrons would be willing to donate homemade items like that. It could get the community involved. The patrons who made the items could be proud that their hard work was so appreciated (and valued).
I remember posting a lot of ideas in class discussion of ways in which libraries could update themselves and become more appealing to attract more patrons because of increasing budget cuts (which seemed to have started the “bookstore vs. library debate”). Yet, I think that it is easy to suggest ways in which libraries can generate more funds but the main focus should be on ways (exactly what strategies/plans that could be generated) to bring in these funds, instead of libraries having to depend mostly upon the government and tax payers. If libraries learn to utilized the small budgets that they have, instead of focusing so much on the budget cuts themselves, maybe more concrete plans may be generated on how to successfully invested these funds for greater capital return and “free” up some funds (like temporarily decreasing library directors salary from $80,000 – $100,000 for example (no one should be paid this much unless they deserve it and is bringing in enough funds to their company, to reap such benefits). Moreover, I think that it is very important for the library science field to incorporate more business courses into its curriculum to prepare librarians to better deal with such crises (this is definitely why one of my undergraduate focuses was business because these skills are very important to every industry).
What I have noticed in my own public library is the number of homeless people who inhabit it. I did a project for a class that required me to read 50 children's books. Next to the children's book section was the newspapers and everyday there would be at least 5 people sitting around reading or just sitting around. In a recession the number of people out of work and maybe also out of a home increases. Therefore, the library provides a much needed sanctuary for many who have no where to go.
I agree it is unfortunate that funding to public libraries is getting cut and I agree that putting in things such as coffee shops are an excellent way to generate revenue. However, I don't think coffee shops will make libraries more relevant. I believe that the relevancy issue lies in being able to change with the needs of the public. By providing the information and resources that the public needs. It seems that is why technology is discussed so readily. Integrating technology into the library is a way for libraries to remain relevant; therefore, they must embrace it.
It amazes me how so many people fell in love with the library at one point and then out of love later. I remember a few years ago Detroit put something on the ballot related to library funding and it was resoundingly passed. In a nutshell, I know libraries and librarians struggle to be relevant, but I think most people hold on to their fond memories and still regard libraries as relevant.
Public libraries are a great investment (Abram, Value of Libraries). Communities with good libraries are enriched in many ways. So why are they not seen as essential? Why are they the first cut? If they are more used during hard times, why cut funding? Possibly because not enough of the people who vote are library users? That would certainly include children. Libraries are nonpartisan. Libraries make up very small parts of budgets. Is the answer to not be public? Public is nonpartisan but what if there were enough Gates Foundations out there, wouldn't that be nice. What would you who work in public libraries think about that? If you had similar or more funding but were non-profit or foundation supported? Doesn't seem possible right now. When I worked in a public library we had very little funding and every funding cycle would have its ups and downs and we'd have to go out every 2 years and spend time convincing people, some who were are users, that they should support the library. The library raised money by renting itself out on weekends. We'd close at 5 and the caterers would be waiting to bring food out at 5:10. It is hard for someone to make a case against libraries yet they are not financially well supported. I don't get it.
While I work in a bookstore that does have a coffee shop, I can see things from a library and a business point of view. Yes, the rent from a coffee shop could be quite beneficial, people are much less careful with their coffees than they would be at home. Monthly, we lose merchandise due to spills totaling $1000.00 (give or take a few bucks). Imagine that extra cost to an already financially-strapped public library.
Granted, sometimes people offer to buy the merchandise that they have ruined, but more often than not, they spill and run. They don't tell anyone, so the coffee has spilled on an entire shelf and ruined 20+ books. Its hard to know where to draw the line with attempting to secure additional funds for a library.
Maybe if there was a sequestered area for coffees, and no reading materials it would work, but people rarely stay in the coffee shop at my store. Given the opportunity, they like to browse around with a coffee, sitting it on shelves while they search the stacks. So, the coffee shop in a library is a hard one for me to endorse. Like some of the other students, a gift shop is a more likely alternative. One of my local branches has one run by the "Friends" that sell used books, along with some crafts and arts. I think it is probably more endurable when considering the costs incurred by spilled coffees and lattes.
Meagan Brown
Having a coffee shop in libraries an innovative way to raise capital. Besides rent, a coffee shop could help with cost in other ways. People expect coffee shops to have Wi-Fi access, and coffee shops expect to provide it. Why not have the coffee shop provide it saving the library money.
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